David M. Fields

Associate Research Scientist

Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
60 Bigelow Drive
P.O. Box 380 East Boothbay, ME
USA 04544
Tel. 1-202-747-3255, ext. 313
Email: dfields@bigelow.org

See David’s lab web site HERE
See David’s profile on the Bigelow Lab web site HERE
See David’s ResearchGate profile HERE

Education

Ph.D., Oceanography, State University of New York (1996)
M.S., Oceanography, State University of New York (1991)
B.A., Biology, University of Utah (1986)

Outline of research

Dr. Fields is a zooplankton ecologist. The Fields’ laboratory studies the role of zooplankton (particularly copepods) in transferring organic matter through the food web and in mediating bio-geochemical cycling in the oceans.  Our approach is to understand how the mechanisms that occur at the level of the individual animal drive regional and global scale distribution patterns in zooplankton.  This work incorporates general data of zooplankton ecology (classical grazing experiments, egg production and developmental rates) as well as data from small-scale fluid mechanics, neurophysiology and animal behavior.

Ongoing Research

Sensory ecology and neurophysiology of marine zooplankton. We study the characteristics of the setal motion (and the required fluid motion and force) that gives rise to the neurophysiological response in copepod mechanoreceptors. The work aims to how copepods differentiate among the myriad of fluid signals in their environment and how copepods code these complex signals in a rapid yet highly accurate manner.

Impact of global climate change on zooplankton populations. We study effects of natural and anthropogenic changes on the energy transfer between trophic levels. Specifically we focus on grazing, respiration, reproduction and fecal pellet production rates of copepods under different climate scenarios.

Active projects

  • NSF- Bio Oce. Ocean Acidification– Effects of ocean acidification on Emiliania huxleyi and Calanus finmarchicus; insights into the oceanic alkalinity and biological pumps.
  • NSF- Chem Oce. Assessing the chemical speciation and bioavailability or iron regenerated by marine zooplankton.
  • NOAA – Implications of ocean acidification on carbon export in a simplified planktonic food chain: Experiments using Acartia and Pleurochrysis.
  • Moore Foundation – Carbon and gene flow mediated by virus.
  • 2015-2018: Fine-scale interactions in the plankton: Empirical observations to parameterize trophodynamic and drift models
  • 2018-2020: Capacity for adaptation to multiple climate change drivers in sub-Arctic invertebrates
  • 2018-2020: Effect of multiple climate change drivers on the egg microbiome of Arctic and sub-Arctic copepods
  • 2018-2020: The effects of the anti-sea lice chemotherapeutant, hydrogen peroxide, on non-target planktonic organisms around salmon farms
  • 2018-2022: Decoding the sensory cues that link the salmon louse to its host: transcriptomics-physiology-behaviour-ecology

Publications

Effects of airgun discharges used in seismic surveys on development and mortality of the copepod Acartia tonsa

Vereide, E.H., M. Mihaljevic, H.I. Browman, D.M. Fields, M.D. Agersted, J. Titelman, K. de Jong. 2023. Effects of airgun discharges used in seismic surveys on development and mortality of the copepod Acartia tonsa. Environmental Pollution. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121469.
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A positive temperature-dependent effect of elevated CO2 on growth and lipid accumulation in the planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus

Fields, D.M., J.A. Runge, C. Thompson, C.M.F. Durif, S. Shema, R.M. Bjelland, M.T. Arts, A.B. Skiftesvik and H.I. Browman. 2022. A positive temperature-dependent effect of elevated CO2 on growth and lipid accumulation in the planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus. Limnology & Oceanography. doi:  10.1002/lno.12261.
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Application of genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture

Robinson, N.A., D. Robledo, L. Sveen, R. Daniels, A. Krasnov, A. Coates, Y.J. Ye, L. Barrett, M. Lillehammer, A. Kettunen, B. Phillips, T. Dempster, A. Doeschl-Wilson, F. Samsing, G. Difford, S. Salisbury, B. Gjerde, J.-E. Haugen, E. Burgerhout, B. Dagnachew, D.; Kurian, M.D. Fast, M. Rye, M. Salazar, J. Bron, S. Monaghan, C. Jacq, M. Birkett, H.I. Browman, A.B. Skiftesvik, D.M. Fields, E. Selander, S. Bui, A. Sonesson, S. Skugor, Ø. Knutsdatter, H. Tone-Kari, R. Houston. 2022. Application of genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture. doi: 10.1111/raq.12733.
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Copepod interaction with small‐scale, dissipative eddies in turbulence: Comparison among three marine species

Elmi, D., D.R. Webster & D.M. Fields. 2022. Copepod interaction with small‐scale, dissipative eddies in turbulence: Comparison among three marine species. Limnology and Oceanography 9999, 1-16. doi: 10.1002/lno.12169.
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Gene expression and epigenetic responses of the marine Cladoceran, Evadne nordmanni, and the copepod Acartia tonsa, to elevated carbon dioxide

Aluru, N, D.M. Fields, S. Shema, A.B. Skiftesvik & H.I. Browman. 2021. Gene expression and epigenetic responses of the marine Cladoceran, Evadne nordmanni, and the copepod Acartia tonsa, to elevated carbon dioxide. Ecology and Evolution 11: 16776-16785. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8309.
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The response of the copepod Acartia tonsa to the hydrodynamic cues of small-scale, dissipative eddies in turbulence

Elmi, D., D.R. Webster & D.M. Fields. 2021. The response of the copepod Acartia tonsa to the hydrodynamic cues of small-scale, dissipative eddies in turbulence. Journal of Experimental Biology 224, jeb237297. doi: 10.1242/jeb.237297.
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American lobster postlarvae alter gene regulation in response to ocean warming and acidification

Niemisto, M., D.M. Fields, K.F. Clark, J.D. Waller, S.J. Greenwood & R.A. Wahle. 2020. American lobster postlarvae alter gene regulation in response to ocean warming and acidification. Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7083.
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Accumulation and effects of microplastic fibers in American lobster larvae (Homarus americanus)

Woods, M.N., T.J. Honga, D. Baughmanad, G. Andrews, D.M. Fields & P.A. Matrai. 2020. Accumulation and effects of microplastic fibers in American lobster larvae (Homarus americanus) . Marine Pollution Bulletin 157: 111280. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111280.
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The effects of hydrogen peroxide on mortality, escape response and oxygen consumption of Calanus spp.

Escobar, R.H., D.M. Fields, H.I. Browman, S.D. Shema, R.M. Bjelland, A.-L. Agnalt, A.B. Skiftesvik, O.B. Samuelsen & C.M.F. Durif. 2019. The effects of hydrogen peroxide on mortality, escape response and oxygen consumption of Calanus spp. Facets 4: 1–12. doi: 10.1139/facets-2019-0011.
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The planktonic stages of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis, are tolerant of end-of-century pCO2 concentrations

Thompson, C., J.A. Runge, D.M. Fields, S. Shema, R.M. Bjelland, C.M.F. Durif, A.B. Skiftesvik, M. Arts, A. Mount, V. Chan & H.I. Browman. 2019. The planktonic stages of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are tolerant of end-of-century pCO2 concentrations. PeerJ 7:e7810 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7810.
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Airgun blasts used in marine seismic surveys have limited effects on mortality, and no sub-lethal effects on behaviour or gene expression, in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus

Fields, D.M., N.O. Handegard, J. Dalen, C. Eichner, K. Malde, Ø. Karlsen, A.B. Skiftesvik, C.M.F. Durif & H.I. Browman. 2019. Airgun blasts used in marine seismic surveys have limited effects on mortality, and no sub-lethal effects on behaviour or gene expression, in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. ICES Journal of Marine Science 76: 2033-2044. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz126
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Physiological responses of Oxyrrhis marina to a diet of virally infected Emiliania huxleyi

Goode A.G., D.M. Fields, S.D. Archer & J.M. Martínez. 2019. Physiological responses of Oxyrrhis marina to a diet of virally infected Emiliania huxleyi. PeerJ 7:e6722.
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Phytoplankton odor modifies the response of Euphausia superba to flow

Weissburg, M.J., Yen, J. & D.M. Fields. 2019. Phytoplankton odor modifies the response of Euphausia superba to flow. Polar Biology 42: 509-516. doi: 10.1007/s00300-018-02440-w.
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Silencing of ionotropic receptor 25a decreases chemosensory activity of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis during the infective stage

Núñez-Acuña, G., C. Gallardo-Escárate, A.B. Skiftesvik, D.M. Fields & H.I. Browman. 2019. Silencing of ionotropic receptor 25a decreases chemosensory activity of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis during the infective stage. Gene 697: 35-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.012.
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Microplastic fiber uptake, ingestion, and egestion rates in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

Woods, M.N., M.E. Stack, D.M. Fields, S.D. Shaw & P. Matrai. 2018. Microplastic fiber uptake, ingestion, and egestion rates in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Marine Pollution Bulletin 137: 638-645.
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The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) antimicrobial peptide Cathelicidin-2 is a molecular host recognition signal for the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

Núñez-Acuña, G., C. Gallardo-Escárate, D.M. Fields, S. Shema, A.B. Skiftesvik, I. Ormazábal & H.I. Browman. 2018. The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) antimicrobial peptide Cathelicidin-2 is a molecular host recognition signal for the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Scientific Reports. (2018) 8:13738 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-31885-6.
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Coccolith dissolution within copepod guts affects fecal pellet density and sinking rate

White, Meredith M., Jessica D. Waller, Laura C. Lubelczyk, David T. Drapeau, Bruce C. Bowler, William M. Balch & David M. Fields. 2018. Coccolith dissolution within copepod guts affects fecal pellet density and sinking rate. Scientific Reports 8:9758, DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-28073-x.
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Behavioural responses of infective-stage copepodids of the salmon louse (Lepeoptheirus salmonis, Copepoda:Caligidae) to host-related sensory cues

Fields, D.M., A.B. Skiftesvik & H.I. Browman. 2018. Behavioural responses of infective-stage copepodids of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Copepoda:Caligidae) to host-related sensory cues. Journal of Fish Diseases 41: 875-884.
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Regulation of gene expression underpins tolerance of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis to increased pCO2.

Bailey, A., P. de Wit, P. Thor, H.I. Browman, R.M. Bjelland, S. Shema, D.M. Fields, J.A. Runge, C. Thompson & H. Hop. 2017. Regulation of gene expression underpins tolerance of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis to increased pCO2. Ecology and Evolution 2017: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3063
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Early life stages of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis are unaffected by increased seawater pCO2.

Bailey, A., P. Thor, H.I. Browman, D.M. Fields, J.A. Runge, A. Vermont, R. Bjelland, C. Thompson, S. Shema, C.M.F. Durif & H. Hop. 2017. Early life stages of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis are unaffected by increased seawater pCO2. ICES Journal of Marine Science 74: 996-1004.
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Linking rising pCO2 and temperature to the larval development and physiology of the American lobster (Homarus americanus).

Waller, J. D., Wahle, R. A., McVeigh, H., and D.M. Fields. 2017. Linking rising pCO2 and temperature to the larval development and physiology of the American lobster (Homarus americanus). ICES Journal of Marine Science 74: 1210–1219.
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Differential gene expression is tied to photochemical efficiency reduction in virally-infected Emiliania huxleyi.

Gilg, I.C., S.D. Archer, S.A. Floge, D.M. Fields, A.I. Vermont, A.H. Leavitt, W.H. Wilson & J. Martínez Martínez. 2016. Differential gene expression is tied to photochemical efficiency reduction in virally-infected Emiliania huxleyi. Marine Ecology Progress Series 555: 13-27.
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End of the century CO2 concentrations do not have a negative effect on vital rates of Calanus finmarchicus, an ecologically critical planktonic species in North Atlantic ecosystems.

Runge J.A., D.M. Fields, C.R.S. Thompson, S.D. Shema, R.M. Bjelland, C.M.F Durif, A.B. Skiftesvik & H.I. Browman. 2016. End of the century CO2 concentrations do not have a negative effect on vital rates of Calanus finmarchicus, an ecologically critical planktonic species in North Atlantic ecosystems. ICES Journal of Marine Science 73(3): 937-950.
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Virus infection of Emiliania huxleyi deters grazing by the copepod Acartia tonsa.

Vermont, A.I., J. Martínez Martínez, J. Waller, I.C. Gilg, A.H. Leavitt, S.A. Floge, S.D. Archer, W.H. Wilson & D.M. Fields. 2016. Virus infection of Emiliania huxleyi deters grazing by the copepod Acartia tonsa. Journal of Plankton Research 38(5): 1194-1205. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbw064
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The effect of hydrostatic pressure on grazing in three calanoid copepods.

Zarubin, M., Y. Lindemann, O. Brunner, D.M. Fields, H.I. Browman & A. Genin. 2016. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on grazing in three calanoid copepods. Journal of Plankton Research 38: 131-138.
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UV radiation changes algal stoichiometry but does not have cascading effects on a marine food chain.

Durif C.M.F., D.M. Fields, H.I. Browman, S.D. Shema, J.R. Enoae, A.B. Skiftesvik, R.M. Bjelland, R. Sommaruga & M.T. Arts. 2015. UV radiation changes algal stoichiometry but does not have cascading effects on a marine food chain. Journal of Plankton Research 37(6): 1120–36.
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Infection of the planktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus by the parasitic dinoflagellate, Blastodinium spp.: effects on grazing, respiration, fecundity, and fecal pellet production.

Fields, D.M., J.A. Runge, C. Thompson, S.D. Shema, R.M. Bjelland, C.M.F. Durif, A.B. Skiftesvik & H.I. Browman. 2015. Infection of the planktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus by the parasitic dinoflagellate, Blastodinium spp.: effects on grazing, respiration, fecundity, and fecal pellet production. Journal of Plankton Research 37: 211-220.
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The sensory horizon of marine copepods

Fields, D.M. 2014. The sensory horizon of marine copepods, pp: 157-179, In, Seuront, L. (Ed.), Copepods: Diversity, Habitat and Behavior. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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The regeneration of highly bioavailable iron by meso- and microzooplankton.

Nuester J., S. Shema, A. Vermont, D.M. Fields, B.S. Twining. 2014. The regeneration of highly bioavailable iron by meso- and microzooplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 59(4): 1399–1409.
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Sub-lethal exposure to ultraviolet radiation reduces prey consumption by Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua).

Fukunishi Y., H.I. Browman, C.M.F. Durif, R.M. Bjelland, S.D. Shema, D.M. Fields, A.B. Skiftesvik. 2013. Sub-lethal exposure to ultraviolet radiation reduces prey consumption by Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). Marine Biology 160: 2591-2596.
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Effects of ocean acidification on growth and development of the planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus.

Runge, J.A., C. Thompson, R.M. Bjelland, H.I. Browman, C.M.F. Durif, D.M. Fields, S. Shema & A.B. Skiftesvik. 2013. Effects of ocean acidification on growth and development of the planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus. Poster presented at the U.S. National Science Foundation’s 2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification Principal Investigator’s Meeting. Washington, D.C., USA, 18-20 September 2013.
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Light Primes the Escape Response of the Calanoid Copepod, Calanus finmarchicus.

Fields D.M., S.D. Shema SD, H.I. Browman, T.Q. Browne & A.B. Skiftesvik. 2012. Light Primes the Escape Response of the Calanoid Copepod, Calanus finmarchicus. Plos ONE 7(6): e39594.
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Fine-scale observations of the predatory behaviour of the carnivorous copepod Paraeuchaeta norvegica and the escape responses of their ichthyoplankton prey, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

Browman, H.I., J. Yen, D.M. Fields, J.-F. St-Pierre & A.B. Skiftesvik. 2011. Fine-scale observations of the predatory behaviour of the carnivorous copepod Paraeuchaeta norvegica and the escape responses of their ichthyoplankton prey, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Marine Biology 158: 2653-2660.
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Grazing Rates of Calanus finmarchicus on Thalassiosira weissflogii Cultured under Different Levels of Ultraviolet Radiation.

Fields, D.M., C.M.F. Durif, R.M. Bjelland, S.D. Shema, A.B. Skiftesvik & H.I. Browman. 2011. Grazing rates of Calanus finmarchicus on Thalassiosira weissflogii cultured under different levels of ultraviolet radiation. PLoS ONE 6(19) e26333.
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The three-dimensional prey field of the northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and the escape responses of their copepod prey.

Abrahamsen, M.B., H.I. Browman, D.M. Fields & A.B. Skiftesvik. 2010. The three-dimensional prey field of the northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and the escape responses of their copepod prey. Marine Biology 157: 1251-1258.
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Orientation affects the sensitivity of Acartia tonsa to fluid mechanical signals.

Fields, D.M. 2010. Orientation affects the sensitivity of Acartia tonsa to fluid mechanical signals. Marine Biology. 157: 505-514.
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Chemoreception in the salmon louse (Lepeoptheirus salmonis: an electrophysiological approach.

Fields, D.M., M.J. Weissburg & H.I. Browman. 2007. Chemoreception in the salmon louse (Lepeoptheirus salmonis: an electrophysiological approach. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 78: 161-168.
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Evolutionary and ecological significance of mechanosensor morphology: copepods as a model system.

Fields, D.M. & M.J. Weissburg. 2005. Evolutionary and ecological significance of mechanosensor morphology: copepods as a model system. Marine Ecology Progress Series 287: 269-274.
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Rapid firing rates from mechanosensory neurons in copepod antennules.

Fields, D.M. & M.J. Weissburg. 2004. Rapid firing rates from mechanosensory neurons in copepod antennules. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 190: 877-882.
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Selective feeding of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda, Calanaoida) on co-occurring sibling rotifer species.

Lapesa, S., T.W. Snell, D.M. Fields & M. Serra. 2004. Selective feeding of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda, Calanaoida) on co-occurring sibling rotifer species. Freshwater Biology 49: 1053-1061.
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Mapping the attack volume of a free-swimming planktonic copepod, Euchaeta rimana.

Doall, M.H., J.R. Strickler, D.M. Fields & J. Yen. 2002. Mapping the attack volume of a free-swimming planktonic copepod, Euchaeta rimana. Marine Biology 140: 871-879.
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Mechanical and neural responses from the mechanosensory hairs on the antennule of Gaussia princeps.

Fields, D.M., D.S. Shaeffer & M.J. Weissburg. 2002. Mechanical and neural responses from the mechanosensory hairs on the antennule of Gaussia princeps. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 227: 173-186.
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Fluid mechanosensory stimulation of behavior from a planktonic marine copepod Euchaeta rimana Bradford.

Fields, D.M & J. Yen, 2002. Fluid mechanosensory stimulation of behavior from a planktonic marine copepod Euchaeta rimana Bradford. J. Plankton. Res. 24(8): 747-755.
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Predatory interactions between a cyclopoid copepod and rotifer sibling species.

Lapesa, S., T.W. Snell, D.M. Fields & M. Serra. 2002. Predatory interactions between a cyclopoid copepod and rotifer sibling species. Freshwater Biology 47: 1685-1695.
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The effects of fluid motion on toxicant sensitivity of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus.

Preston, B.L., T.W. Snell, D.M. Fields, M.J. Weissburg. 2001. The effects of fluid motion on toxicant sensitivity of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Aquatic Toxicology 52(2): 117-131.
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Characteristics of the high frequency escape reactions of Oithona sp.

Fields, D.M. 2000. Characteristics of the high frequency escape reactions of Oithona sp. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 34: 21-35.
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The physical constraints of chemoreception in foraging copepods.

Moore, P.A., D.M. Fields, & J. Yen. 1999. The physical constraints of chemoreception in foraging copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44(1): 166-177.
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Size and structure of ‘footprints’ produced by Daphnia: impact of animal size and density gradients.

Gries, T., K. Johnk, D.M. Fields & J.R. Strickler. 1999. Size and structure of ‘footprints’ produced by Daphnia: impact of animal size and density gradients. J. Plankton Res. 21: 509-523.
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The implications of biologically and physically created fluid motion on the sensory horizon of copepods.

Fields, D.M. 1998. The implications of biologically and physically created fluid motion on the sensory horizon of copepods. Oceanography 11(2): 26.

Implication of copepod feeding currents on the spatial orientation of their prey.

Fields, D.M. & J. Yen. 1997. Implication of copepod feeding currents on the spatial orientation of their prey. J. Plankton Res. 19: 79-85.
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The escape behavior of marine copepods in response to a quantifiable fluid mechanical disturbance.

Fields, D.M. & J. Yen. 1997. The escape behavior of marine copepods in response to a quantifiable fluid mechanical disturbance. J. Plankton Res 19: 1289-1304.
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The Interaction of Calanoid Copepods with a Moving Fluid Environment: Implications for the Role of Feeding Current Morphology in Predator – Prey Interactions.

Fields, D.M. 1996. The Interaction of Calanoid Copepods with a Moving Fluid Environment: Implications for the Role of Feeding Current Morphology in Predator – Prey Interactions. Ph.D. State University of New York. p. 353.

The escape behavior of Pleuromamma xiphias from a quantifiable fluid mechanical disturbance. In Lenz, P.H. D.K. Hartline, J.E. Purcell, and D.L. Macmillan.

Fields, D.M. & J. Yen. 1996. The escape behavior of Pleuromamma xiphias from a quantifiable fluid mechanical disturbance. In Lenz, P.H., D.K. Hartline, J.E. Purcell, & D.L. Macmillan. (eds.), Zooplankton: Sensory Ecology and Physiology. Vol. 1, pp. 323-340. Gordan and Breach Publ., Amsterdam.

Copepod egg production in Long Island Sound as a function of the chemical composition of seston.

Jonasdottir, S. H., D.M. Fields, and S. Pantoja. 1995. Copepod egg production in Long Island Sound as a function of the chemical composition of seston. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 119: 87-98.
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Outer limits and inner structure: the 3-dimensional flow field of Pleuromamma xiphias (Copepoda).

Fields, D.M. & J. Yen. 1993. Outer limits and inner structure: the 3-dimensional flow field of Pleuromamma xiphias (Copepoda). Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 84-95.
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Escape responses of Acartia hudsonica (Copepoda) nauplii from the flow field of Temora longicornis (Copepoda).

Yen, J. & D.M. Fields. 1992. Escape responses of Acartia hudsonica (Copepoda) nauplii from the flow field of Temora longicornis (Copepoda). Erg. der Limnol.: 36: 123-134.

Last updated: March 7, 2023