Ellis R. Loew

Collaborator – vision in fishes and invertebrates

Cornell University
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Ithaca, NY, USA 14853
Tel. 1-607-253-3484
Email: erl1@cornell.edu

Education

Ph.D. 1973 – Biology, University of California, Los Angeles
M.A. 1971 – Zoology, University of California, Los Angeles

Research interests

  • Retinal Electrophysiology
  • Evolution and ecology of Colour and ‘Polarized Light’ Vision
  • Predator/prey interactions in visual planktivorous fish
  • Physical optics of natural waters
  • Biochemistry and ecology of visual pigments
  • Computer modeling of visual processes using remote sensing techniques
  • Electro-optical instrumentation

Publications

Microscopic Blue Sapphire in Nelsonite from the Western Adirondack Mountains of New York State, USA

Darling, R.S., J.L. Gordon, E.R. Loew. 2019. Microscopic Blue Sapphire in Nelsonite from the Western Adirondack Mountains of New York State, USA. Minerals 9(10), 633. doi: 10.3390/min9100633.
Read the paper

Evolution of the eyes of vipers with and without infrared-sensing pit organs

Gower, D.J., F.L. Sampaio, L. Peichl, H.-J. Wagner, E.R. Loew, , W. Mclamb, R.H. Douglas, N. Orlov, M.S. Grace, N.S. Hart, D.M. Hunt, J.C. Partridge & B.F. Simões. 2019. Evolution of the eyes of vipers with and without infrared-sensing pit organs. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 126(4), 796–823. doi: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz003.
Read the paper

Phenotypic characterization of complete CSNB in the inbred research beagle: how common is CSNB in research and companion dogs?

Oh, A., E.R. Loew, M.L. Foster, M.G. Davidson, R.V. English, K.J. Gervais, I.P. Herring & F.M. Mowat. 2018. Phenotypic characterization of complete CSNB in the inbred research beagle: how common is CSNB in research and companion dogs? Documenta Ophthalmologica 137, 87–101. doi.org/10.1007/s10633-018-9653-y.
Read the paper

Structure and Function of Regional Specializations in the Vertebrate Retina

B.A. Moore, L.P. Tyrrell, J.M. Kamilar, S.P. Collin, N.J. Dominy, M.I. Hall, C.P. Heesy, T.J. Lisney, E.R. Loew, G.L. Moritz, S.S. Nava, E. Warrant, K.E. Yopak & E. Fernández-Juricic. 2017. Structure and Function of Regional Specializations in the Vertebrate Retina. In J.H. Haas (ed.) Evolution of Nervous Systems (Second Edition), Academic Press, Cambridge, MA. Pp. 351-372. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804042-3.00008-7.

Biofluorescence in Catsharks (Scyliorhinidae): Fundamental Description and Relevance for Elasmobranch Visual Ecology.

Gruber, D.F., E.R. Loew, D.D. Deheyn, D. Akkaynak, J.P. Gaffney, W.L. Smith, M.P. Davis, J.H. Stern, V.A. Pieribone & J.S. Sparks. 2016. Biofluorescence in Catsharks (Scyliorhinidae): Fundamental Description and Relevance for Elasmobranch Visual Ecology. Scientific reports 6: 24751. doi: 10.1038/srep24751

Evolutionary transformation of rod photoreceptors in the all-cone retina of a diurnal garter snake.

Schott, R.K., J. Müller, C.G. Yang, N. Bhattacharyya, N. Chan, M. Xu, J.M. Morrow, A.H. Ghenu, E.R. Loew, V. Tropepe & B.S. Chang. 2016. Evolutionary transformation of rod photoreceptors in the all-cone retina of a diurnal garter snake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(2): 356-361.

Multiple rod–cone and cone–rod photoreceptor transmutations in snakes: evidence from visual opsin gene expression.

Simões, B.F., F.L. Sampaio, E.R. Loew, K.L. Sanders, R.N. Fisher, N.S. Hart, D.M. Hunt, J.C. Partridge & D.J. Gower. 2016. Multiple rod–cone and cone–rod photoreceptor transmutations in snakes: evidence from visual opsin gene expression. In Proc. R. Soc. B 283: 20152624.

Spectral sensitivity and contrast potentials for four species of cleaner fish.

Loew, E.R., A.B. Skiftesvik, R. Bjelland, H.I. Browman & C. Durif. 2016. Spectral sensitivity and contrast potentials for four species of cleaner fish. Institute of Marine Research Report No. 39-2016. 12 pp.
Read the report

The importance of ultraviolet and near-infrared sensitivity for visual discrimination in two species of lacertid lizards.

Martin, M., J.F. Le Galliard, S. Meylan & E.R. Loew. 2015. The importance of ultraviolet and near-infrared sensitivity for visual discrimination in two species of lacertid lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 218(3): 458-465.

Visual system evolution and the nature of the ancestral snake.

Simões, B.F., F.L. Sampaio, C. Jared, M.M. Antoniazzi, E.R. Loew, J.K. Bowmaker, A. Rodriguez, N.S. Hart, D.M. Hunt, J.C. Partridge & D.J. Gower. 2015. Visual system evolution and the nature of the ancestral snake. Journal of evolutionary biology 28(7): 1309-1320.

Ontogenic retinal changes in three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes (Elopomorpha: Teleostei) correlate with light environment and behavior.

Taylor, S.M., E.R. Loew, & M.S. Grace. 2015. Ontogenic retinal changes in three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes (Elopomorpha: Teleostei) correlate with light environment and behavior. Visual neuroscience 32: E005.

Sexually asymmetric colour-based species discrimination in orangethroat darters.

Zhou, M., E.R. Loew & R.C. Fuller. 2015. Sexually asymmetric colour-based species discrimination in orangethroat darters. Animal Behaviour 106: 171-179.

Spectral tuning by opsin coexpression in retinal regions that view different parts of the visual field.

Dalton, B.E., E.R. Loew, T.W. Cronin & K.L. Carleton. 2014. Spectral tuning by opsin coexpression in retinal regions that view different parts of the visual field. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 281: 20141980.

Variation in the visual habitat may mediate the maintenance of color polymorphism in a poeciliid fish.

Hurtado-Gonzales, J.L., E.R. Loew & J.A.C. Uy. 2014. Variation in the visual habitat may mediate the maintenance of color polymorphism in a poeciliid fish. PloS ONE 9(7): e101497.

Vision: two plus four equals six.

Loew, E.R. 2014. Vision: two plus four equals six. Current Biology 24(16): R753-R755.

A de novo mutation in KIT causes white spotting in a subpopulation of German Shepherd dogs.

Wong, A.K., A.L. Ruhe, K.R. Robertson, E.R. Loew, D.C. Williams & M.W. Neff. 2013. A de novo mutation in KIT causes white spotting in a subpopulation of German Shepherd dogs. Animal genetics 44(3): 305-310.

Adaptive mechanisms in the ecology of vision.

Archer, S., M.B. Djamgoz, E. Loew, J.C. Partridge &amp S. Vallerga, eds. 2013. Adaptive mechanisms in the ecology of vision. Springer Science & Business Media.

Evaluation of maxillary arterial blood flow in anesthetized cats with the mouth closed and open.

Barton-Lamb, A.L., M. Martin-Flores, P.V. Scrivani, A.J. Bezuidenhout, E.R. Loew, H.N. Erb & J.W. Ludders. 2013. Evaluation of maxillary arterial blood flow in anesthetized cats with the mouth closed and open. Veterinary J. 196: 325-331.

A physiological analysis of color vision in batoid elasmobranchs.

Bedore, C.N., E.R. Loew, T.M. Frank, R.E. Hueter, D.M. McComb &amp S.M. Kajiura. 2013. A physiological analysis of color vision in batoid elasmobranchs. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 199(12): 1129-1141.

Differences in spectral sensitivity within and among species of darters (genus Etheostoma) .

Gumm, J.M., E.R. Loew & T.C. Mendelson. 2012. Differences in spectral sensitivity within and among species of darters (genus Etheostoma). Vision Res 55: 19-23.

A novel method for comparative analysis of retinal specialization traits from topographic maps

Moore, B.A., J.M. Kamilar, S.P. Collin, O.R.P Bininda-Emonds, N.J. Dominy, M.I. Hall, C.P. Heesy, S. Johnsen, T.J. Lisney, E.R. Loew, G. Moritz, S.S. Navall, E. Warrant, K.E. Yopak, E. Fernandez-Juricic. 2012. A novel method for comparative analysis of retinal specialization traits from topographic maps. J. Vision 12: 13.

Oblique color vision in an open-habitat bird: spectral sensitivity, photoreceptor distribution and behavioral implications.

Moore, B.A., P. Baumhardt, M. Doppler, J. Randolet, B.F. Blackwell, L. Travis, E.R. Loew, E. Fernandez-Juricic. 2012. Oblique color vision in an open-habitat bird: spectral sensitivity, photoreceptor distribution and behavioral implications. J. Exp. Biol. 215: 3442-3452.

Visual Pigment Molecular Evolution in the Trinidadian Pike Cichlid (Crenicichla frenata): A Less Colorful World for Neotropical Cichlids?

Weadick, C.J., E.R. Loew, F.H. Rodd & B.S.W. Chang. 2012. Visual Pigment Molecular Evolution in the Trinidadian Pike Cichlid (Crenicichla frenata): A Less Colorful World for Neotropical Cichlids? Mol. Biol. Evol. 29: 3045-3060.

High sensitivity to short wavelengths in a lizard and implications for understanding the evolution of visual systems in lizards.

Fleishman, L.J., E.R. Loew, M.J. Whiting. 2011. High sensitivity to short wavelengths in a lizard and implications for understanding the evolution of visual systems in lizards. Proc. Royal Soc. Biol. Sci. B. 278: 2891-2899.

Spectral sensitivity of the concave mirror eyes of scallops: potential influences of habitat, self-screening and longitudinal chromatic aberration.

Speiser, D.I., E.R. Loew & S. Johnsen. 2011. Spectral sensitivity of the concave mirror eyes of scallops: potential influences of habitat, self-screening and longitudinal chromatic aberration. Journal of Experimental Biology 214: 422-431.

Developmental shifts in functional morphology of the retina in Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus (Elopomorpha: Teleostei) between four ecologically distinct life-history stages.

Taylor, S.M., E.R. Loew & M.S. Grace. 2011. Developmental shifts in functional morphology of the retina in Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus (Elopomorpha: Teleostei) between four ecologically distinct life-history stages. Visual Neurosci 28: 309-323.

A rod-dominated visual system in elopomorph fishes (Elopomorpha: Teleostei).

Taylor, S.M., E.R. Loew.,& M.S. Grace. 2011. A rod-dominated visual system in elopomorph fishes (Elopomorpha: Teleostei). Environmental Biology of Fishes 92: 513-523.

Light effects on alewife-mysid interactions in Lake Ontario: A combined sensory physiology, behavioral and spatial approach.

Boscarino, B.T., L.G. Rudstam, J. Tirabassi, J. Janssen & E.R. Loew. 2010. Light effects on alewife-mysid interactions in Lake Ontario: A combined sensory physiology, behavioral and spatial approach. Limnol. Oceanography 55: 2061-2072.

Genomic organization of duplicated short wave-sensitive and long wave-sensitive opsin genes in the green swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri.

Watson, C.T., K.P. Lubieniecki, E. Loew, W.S. Davidson and F. Breden. 2010. Genomic organization of duplicated short wave-sensitive and long wave-sensitive opsin genes in the green swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: Article 87.

Characterization of photoreceptor cell types in the little brown bat Myotis lucifugus (Vespertilionidae).

Feller, K.D., S. Lagerholm, R. Clubwala, M.T. Silver, D. Haughey, J.M. Ryan, E.R. Loew, M.E. Deutschlander and K.L. Kenyon. 2009. Characterization of photoreceptor cell types in the little brown bat Myotis lucifugus (Vespertilionidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B 154: 412-418.

Light responses in vitamin A-deprived rods.

Solessio, E., G.A. Engbretson, D.A. Cameron, E.R. Loew, Y. Umino, R.B. Barlow & B.E. Knox. 2009. Light responses in vitamin A-deprived rods. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50: 4477-4486.

Examination of direct daytime predation by Coregonus artedi on Bythotrephes longimanus in Harp Lake, Ontario, Canada: No evidence for the refuge hypothesis.

Young, J.D., N.D. Yan and E.R. Loew. 2009. Examination of direct daytime predation by Coregonus artedi on Bythotrephes longimanus in Harp Lake, Ontario, Canada: No evidence for the refuge hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66: 449-459.

Predicting the vertical distribution of the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta, in Lake Ontario: a test of laboratory-based light preferences.

Boscarino, B.T., L.G. Rudstam, E.R. Loew & E.L. Mills. 2009. Predicting the vertical distribution of the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta, in Lake Ontario: a test of laboratory-based light preferences. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66: 101-113.

Visual pigment and oil droplet characteristics of the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), a New World migratory bird.

Beason, R.C. & E.R. Loew. 2008. Visual pigment and oil droplet characteristics of the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), a New World migratory bird. Vision Res. 48: 1-8.

Vision in fish.

Bowmaker J.K. & E.R. Loew (2008) Vision in fish. In: R.R.Hoy, G.M. Shepherd, A.I. Basbaum, A. Kaneko & G. Westheimer (eds). The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference Vol. 1. Elsevier, Oxford, UK. PP 53-76.

Visual sensitivities tuned by heterochromatic shifts in opsin gene expression.

Carleton. K.L., T.C. Spady, J.T. Streelman, M.R. Kidd, W.N. McFarland & E.R. Loew. 2008. Visual sensitivities tuned by heterochromatic shifts in opsin gene expression. BMC Biology 6: 22-36.

Environment-contingent sexual selection in a colour polymorphic fish.

Gray, S.M., L.M. Dill, F.Y. Tantu, E.R. Loew, F. Herder and J.S. McKinnon. 2008. Environment-contingent sexual selection in a colour polymorphic fish. Proc. R. Soc. B. 275: 1785-1791. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0283

Photoreception.

Loew, E.R. and C.M. Wahl. 2008. Photoreception. In: R.N. Finn & B.G. Kapoor (ed.) Fish Larval Physiology. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH. Pp. 395-424.

Spectral absorbance, structure, and population density of photoreceptors in the retina of the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens).

Sillman, A.J., E.K. Ong, E.R. Loew. 2007. Spectral absorbance, structure, and population density of photoreceptors in the retina of the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Canadian Journal of Zoology 85(4): 584-587.

Spectral sensitivity of mollies: comparing surface- and cave-dwelling Atlantic mollies, Poecilia mexicana.

Korner, K.E., I. Schlupp, M. Plath, E.R. Loew. 2006. Spectral sensitivity of mollies: comparing surface- and cave-dwelling Atlantic mollies, Poecilia mexicana. Journal of Fish Biology 69(1): 54-65.

The cone photoreceptors and visual pigments of chameleons.

Bowmaker, J.K., E.R. Loew & M. Ott. 2005. The cone photoreceptors and visual pigments of chameleons. Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 191(10): 925-932.

Photoreceptors and visual pigments in the retina of the fully anadromous green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostrus) and the potamodromous pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus).

Sillman, A.J., A.K. Beach, D.A. Dahlin, E.R. Loew. 2005. Photoreceptors and visual pigments in the retina of the fully anadromous green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostrus) and the potamodromous pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 191(9): 799-811.

Adaptive molecular evolution in the opsin genes of rapidly speciating cichlid species.

Spady, T.C., O. Seehausen, E.R. Loew, R.C. Jordan, T.D. Kocher, K.L. Carleton. 2005. Adaptive molecular evolution in the opsin genes of rapidly speciating cichlid species. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22(6): 1412-1422.

Behavioral evidence for intraspecific signaling with achromatic and polarized light by cuttlefish (Mollusca : Cephalopoda).

Boal, J.G., N. Shashar, M.M. Grable, K.H. Vaughan, E.R. Loew, R.T. Hanlon. 2004. Behavioral evidence for intraspecific signaling with achromatic and polarized light by cuttlefish (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Behaviour 141: 837-861.

Optimal mechanisms for finding and selecting mates: how threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) should encode male throat colors.

Rowe, M.P., C.L. Baube, E.R. Loew & J.B. Phillips. 2004. Optimal mechanisms for finding and selecting mates: how threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) should encode male throat colors. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 190(3): 241-256.

Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio.

Siddiqi, A., T.W. Cronin, E.R. Loew, M. Vorobyev, K. Summers. 2004. Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio. Journal of Experimental Biology 207(14): 2471-2485.

Visual biology of Hawaiian coral reef fishes II. Colors of Hawaiian coral reef fish.

Marshall, N.J., K. Jennings, W.N. McFarland, E.R. Loew & G.S. Losey. 2003. Visual biology of Hawaiian coral reef fishes. II. Colors of Hawaiian coral reef fish. Copeia 2003: 455-466.

Visual biology of Hawaiian coral reef fishes III. Environmental light and an integrated approach to the ecology of reef fish vision.

Marshall, N.J., K. Jennings, W.N. McFarland, E.R. Loew & G.S. Losey. 2003. Visual biology of Hawaiian coral reef fishes. III. Environmental light and an integrated approach to the ecology of reef fish vision. Copeia 2003: 467-480.

Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid influence on preterm baboon retinal composition and function.

Diau, G.Y., E.R. Loew, V. Wijendran, E. Sarkadi-Nagy, P.W. Nathanielsz, J.T. Brenna. 2003. Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid influence on preterm baboon retinal composition and function. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 44(10): 4559-4566.

Visual biology of Hawaiian coral reef fishes I. Ocular transmission and visual pigments.

Losey, G.S., W.N. McFarland, E.R. Loew, J.P. Zamzow, P.A. Nelson & N.J. Marshall. (2003) Visual biology of Hawaiian coral reef fishes I. Ocular transmission and visual pigments. Copeia 2003: 433-454.

Color Vision in Animals.

Loew, E.R. 2002. Color Vision in Animals. In: Small Animal Ophthalmology Secrets” (R.C. Riis, ed). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, pp. 7-11.

Developmental changes in the visual pigments of the yellowfin tuna, Thunnus Albacares.

Loew, E.R., W.N. McFarland and D. Margulies. 2002. Developmental changes in the visual pigments of the yellowfin tuna, Thunnus Albacares. Mar. Fresh. Behav. Physiol. 35: 235-246.

The visual pigments of pacific northwest larval marine fishes

Britt, L., E.R. Loew & W.N. McFarland. 2001. The visual pigments of pacific northwest larval marine fishes. J. Exp. Biol. 204: 2581-2587.

Electrical activity of the visual system: the ERG and the VER.

Loew, E.R. (2001) Electrical activity of the visual system: the ERG and the VER. In: Small Animal Ophthalmology Secrets” (R.C. Riis, ed). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, pp. 1-6.

Photoreceptors and visual pigments in the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans.

Loew, E.R. & V.I. Govardovskii. 2001. Photoreceptors and visual pigments in the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. J. Exp. Biol. 18: 753-757.

Retinal photoreceptors and visual pigments in Boa constrictor imperator.

Sillman, A.J., J.L Johnson & E.R. Loew. 2001. Retinal photoreceptors and visual pigments in Boa constrictor imperator. J. Experimental Zool. 290: 359-365.

Ocular manifestations of equine motor neuron disease

Riis, R.C., C. Jackson, W. Rebhun, M.L. Katz, E. Loew, B. Summers, J. Cummings, A. de Lahunta, T. Divers & H. Mohammed. 1999. Ocular manifestations of equine motor neuron disease. Equine Veterinary Journal, 31: 99-110. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03801.x.
Read the paper

The visual ecology of Puerto Rican anoline lizards: habitat and spectral sensitivity.

Fleishman, L.J., M. Bowman, D. Saunders, W.E. Miller & E.R. Loew. 1997. The visual ecology of Puerto Rican anoline lizards: habitat and spectral sensitivity. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 181: 446-460.

Visual pigments and photoreceptors in two species of shark, Triakis semifasciata and Mustelus henlei.

Sillman, A.J., G.A. Letsinger, S. Patel, E.R. Loew & A.P. Klimley. 1996. Visual pigments and photoreceptors in two species of shark, Triakis semifasciata and Mustelus henlei. Journal of Experimental Zoology 276: 1-10.

Determinants of visual pigment spectral location and photoreceptor cell spectral sensitivity.

Loew, E.R. (1995) Determinants of visual pigment spectral location and photoreceptor cell spectral sensitivity. In, The Outer Retina (M.B.A. Djamgoz, S.N. Archer, and S. Vallerga, eds.) London: Chapman Hall, pp. 57-78.

The visual pigments of wild sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus).

Sillman, A.J., M.E. Sorsky & E.R. Loew. 1995. The visual pigments of wild sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 805-809.

Ultraviolet visual pigments in marine fishes of the family Pomacentridae.

McFarland, W.N. & E.R. Loew. 1994. Ultraviolet visual pigments in marine fishes of the family Pomacentridae. Vision Research 34: 1393-1396.

A chromatic action spectrum for planktonic predation by juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens.

Loew, E.R., W.N. McFarland, E.L. Mills & D. Hunter. 1993. A chromatic action spectrum for planktonic predation by juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 384-386.

Age-related changes in the visual pigments of the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus).

Loew, E.R., and A.J. Sillman. 1993. Age-related changes in the visual pigments of the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 1552-1557.

Scanning electron microscopy and microspectrophotometry of the photoreceptors of ictalurid catfishes.

Sillman, A.J., S.J. Ronan & E.R. Loew. 1993. Scanning electron microscopy and microspectrophotometry of the photoreceptors of ictalurid catfishes. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 173: 801-807.

A short-wavelength sensitive mechanism in juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens.

Loew, E.R. & C.M Wahl. 1991. A short-wavelength sensitive mechanism in juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens. Vision Res 31: 353-360.

Rod and cone pigments of the Atlantic guitarfish, Rhinobatos lentigenosus (Garman).

Gruber, S.H., E.R. Loew & W.N. McFarland. 1990. Rod and cone pigments of the Atlantic guitarfish, Rhinobatos lentigenosus (Garman). Journal of Experimental Zoology 256: 85-87.

The Underwater visual environment

Loew, E.R. & W.N. McFarland (1990). “The Underwater visual environment. In: “The Visual System of Fish” (R. Douglas M. Djamgoz, eds.) London: Chapman Hall, pp. 1-44.

The visual pigments of the sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus.

Sillman, A.J., J. Spanfelder & E.R. Loew. 1990. The visual pigments of the sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Can. J. Zoology 68: 1544-1551.

The ecology of colour vision.

Lythgoe, J.N. & E.R. Loew. 1985. The ecology of colour vision. Endeavour 9: 170-174.

Wave produced changes in underwater light and their relation to vision.

McFarland, W.N. & E.R. Loew. 1983. Wave produced changes in underwater light and their relation to vision. Environmental Biology of Fishes 8: 173-184.

Seasonal changes in the amount of visual pigment in the retinae of fish.

Allen, D.M., E.R. Loew & W.N. McFarland. 1982. Seasonal changes in the amount of visual pigment in the retinae of fish. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 281-287.

Microspectrophotometry of the photoreceptors of paleognathous birds the emu and the tinamu.

Sillman, A.J., D.A. Bolnick, A.E. Walter & E.R. Loew. 1981. Microspectrophotometry of the photoreceptors of paleognathous birds the emu and the tinamu. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 144: 271-276.

The ecology of cone pigments in teleost fishes.

Loew, E.R. & J.N. Lythgoe. 1978. The ecology of cone pigments in teleost fishes. Vision Research 18: 715-722.

MSP measurements of rod and cone visual pigments in a retina that can be either vitamin A1- or vitamin A2-based.

Loew, E.R. and H.J.A. Dartnall. 1977. MSP measurements of rod and cone visual pigments in a retina that can be either vitamin A1- or vitamin A2-based. In: Research in Photobiology (A. Castellani, ed.). New York: Plenum Press, pp. 639-644.

Light and photoreceptor degeneration in the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L).

Loew, E.R. 1976. Light and photoreceptor degeneration in the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 193: 31-44.

Variation in the lambda max of rhodopsin from individual frogs.

Bowmaker, J.K., E.R. Loew & P.A. Liebman. 1975. Variation in the lambda max of rhodopsin from individual frogs. Vision Research 15: 997-1003.

Analysis of the visual response of the fly, Sarcophaga bullata, during pupal development.

Loew, E.R. 1973. Analysis of the visual response of the fly, Sarcophaga bullata, during pupal development. Documentia Ophthalmologica Proceedings II (H. Henkes J. Pearlman, eds.), pp. 281-292.

Last updated: October 6, 2020